Methodology

This Compendium is based on self-reported responses to the Asi@Connect NREN survey across three waves: 2018, 2020 and 2025. Survey data was collected through the Asi@Connect e-Compendium Data Portal (https://compendium.bdren.net.bd/asiaconnect). Data has been compiled without independent audit; gaps reflect non-response rather than absence of activity. Where the same metric was reported on different scales across waves — notably revenue-composition shares, recorded as fractions in 2018 and percentages in 2020/2025 — figures were normalised to a common scale.

Each chapter applies a per-topic 2025-respondent rule: a chapter's analysis is restricted to the NRENs that responded on that topic in 2025. Where trends across waves are shown, a consistent-panel rule is used — only NRENs that reported in 2018, 2020 and 2025 are included in the trend line, so that growth or decline reflects genuine change in the same NRENs rather than churn in the responding population.

For services, advanced services and identity services, both the 2020 and 2025 inventories are compared like-for-like. The identity-services data spans five distinct areas — identity federation status, federated services, Identity/Service Provider counts, eduroam campus-coverage brackets, and eduroam associated services — each requiring its own analytical treatment.